Wildlife Encounters While Backpacking: What to Do and What Not to Do

3 January 2025

There's nothing quite like the thrill of heading off the beaten path, strapping on a backpack, and getting lost (not literally, of course) in nature. The trees, the fresh air, the sense of adventure—it’s pure magic. But let’s face it, when you're out there exploring the wild, there's always a chance you might bump into some actual wildlife. From cute critters to more intimidating creatures, these encounters can go from awe-inspiring to downright dangerous if you're not prepared. So, let’s talk about what to do—and what not to do—when you have a close encounter of the wildlife kind.

Why Wildlife Encounters Are Inevitable (and Amazing)

If you’re out backpacking, chances are good you’ll cross paths with some sort of wildlife. After all, you’re entering their home, not the other way around. Whether it’s a curious deer poking its head out of the trees or a sly fox slinking through the underbrush, these moments are often magical. But while watching animals in their natural habitat feels like something out of a nature documentary, it’s important to remember that wildlife isn’t there for your entertainment. They're wild, unpredictable, and, well, they have claws, teeth, or other defense mechanisms that can ruin your day if you’re not careful.

Types of Wildlife You Might Encounter While Backpacking

Before diving into the dos and don’ts, let’s take a quick look at the kinds of animals you could run into. Depending on where you're hiking, here are some common suspects:

- Bears: The kings of the forest. They’re as majestic as they are intimidating.
- Deer and Elk: Harmless-looking but can be territorial, especially during mating season.
- Coyotes and Wolves: They generally avoid humans, but they’re still predators.
- Snakes: From harmless garter snakes to venomous vipers, these sneaky guys love sunny rocks and tall grass.
- Wild Boars: These aren’t your average barnyard pigs. Wild boars can be aggressive if they feel cornered.
- Small Animals: Think squirrels, raccoons, or chipmunks. Cute, but they can carry diseases and are notorious food thieves.
- Insects: Okay, they're not exactly “encounters,” but mosquitoes, ticks, and leeches deserve a dishonorable mention.

Each animal comes with its own “rulebook,” but don’t worry—we’ll cover the basics so you’re not left out there winging it.

The Dos and Don’ts of Wildlife Encounters

1. DO: Stay Calm

Panicking is probably the worst thing you can do. Wildlife can sense fear (yes, really). If you freak out, they might see you as a threat or a target. Take a deep breath, keep your cool, and assess the situation.

2. DON’T: Approach or Feed Them

This should go without saying, but seriously, don’t try to befriend a wild animal. Feeding them might seem innocent—or even kind—but it’s a big no-no. Not only does it make animals reliant on humans for food, but it can also lead to aggressive behavior. Trust me, you don’t want to be the reason a bear keeps checking campgrounds for snacks.

3. DO: Keep Your Distance

As much as you might want to whip out your phone for a close-up shot, staying a safe distance away is critical. Every species has its “comfort zone.” For example:
- Bears? At least 100 yards away.
- Deer and elk? About 50 yards.
- Snakes? As far away as you can manage without teleporting.

4. DON’T: Turn Your Back and Run

Running triggers a predator’s instinct to chase. It doesn’t matter if it’s a cougar, a coyote, or even an angry goose (yes, they chase too). Instead, back away slowly, keeping the animal in sight so you can monitor its movements.

5. DO: Make Yourself Look Big

If you encounter a large predator like a bear or a mountain lion, you’ll want to assert yourself as a “not-so-easy-target.” Raise your arms, wave your trekking poles, and speak in a firm, loud voice. Think of it like trying to convince a bully you’re tougher than you look.

6. DON’T: Ignore Warning Signs

Animals usually give signals before they attack. Bears might huff or pop their jaws. Snakes rattle their tails. Pay attention to these cues—it’s their way of saying, “Back off, buddy!”

7. DO: Store Your Food Properly

One of the biggest reasons wildlife wanders into campsites is because of improperly stored food. Use bear-proof containers or hang food bags at least 10 feet off the ground and 4 feet away from the trunk of a tree. And for the love of nature, don’t leave snacks in your tent.

8. DON’T: Assume You’re Safe at Night

Just because you’re tucked into your sleeping bag doesn’t mean you’re immune to nighttime visitors. Keep food and toiletries (yes, even toothpaste) stored away from your tent to prevent curious critters from snooping around.

Specific Animal Tips: When Things Get Real

What to Do If You See a Bear

- If it’s far away: Lucky you! Keep your distance and enjoy the sight.
- If it’s close: Stay calm. Talk to the bear in a low, calm voice. Slowly back away while keeping it in view.
- If it charges: Stand your ground. Use bear spray if you have it. (Pro tip: Don’t wait until it’s too late to figure out how that spray works.)

What to Do If You Encounter a Snake

- Stop moving. If it’s not slithering toward you, slowly step back. Most snakes aren’t interested in humans anyway.
- Don’t poke it or try to move it. This isn’t a game of “who flinches first.”

What to Do If You Have a Wolf or Coyote Sighting

- Don’t turn your back. Maintain eye contact and make yourself look bigger by lifting your arms or jacket.
- Shout and clap to make noise. These animals are usually skittish and will take off.

What to Do With Insects

- Wear long sleeves and pants to avoid bites and stings.
- Use insect repellent, and check yourself for ticks after hiking. (Yes, it’s gross, but better safe than sorry.)

How to Prevent Encounters in the First Place

Let’s be real: while wildlife encounters are exciting, most of us would rather not have a face-to-face meeting with a bear during breakfast. Prevention is key.

- Stick to Trails: Wandering off can lead you straight into an animal’s living room.
- Make Noise While Hiking: Clap, talk, or sing as you walk. This lets animals know you’re coming so they can steer clear.
- Check Local Regulations: Some areas require you to carry bear spray, food canisters, or other wildlife precautions. Don’t skip this step—it’s there for a reason.

When to Seek Help

If an animal bites or scratches you, seek medical attention immediately—even if it seems minor. Wild animals can carry diseases like rabies or tetanus, and the last thing you want is a simple scratch turning into something serious.

Embrace the Wild… Safely!

Backpacking is one of the best ways to connect with nature and escape the chaos of everyday life. But remember, respect for wildlife is non-negotiable. When you’re prepared, encounters with animals can be some of the most memorable moments of your adventure. Who knows, maybe you’ll come back with an awesome story about the time a bear wandered through your campsite—or maybe just a tale about the squirrel that stole your trail mix (hey, it happens).

So lace up your boots, pack your essentials, and hit the trails. Just keep your wits about you, follow these tips, and you’ll be well on your way to an unforgettable (and safe) adventure.